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NORTH AMERICA

CANADA
CANADA

Highlights

CANADA

 Introduction

Canada is the second largest country in the world and a nation of great ethnic and cultural diversity.

Initially populated by various First Nation tribes and then colonized by the French and British, Canada is today a cultural mosaic made up of people who have come from all around the world.

Few countries can compare with the natural beauty, geographic diversity and wildlife of Canada. Bordered by the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic Oceans, Canada’s ever-changing topography ranges from the dizzying heights of the Rocky Mountains to vast boreal forests, endless prairies, desert and rainforest regions. Added to the extraordinary natural beauty are the vibrant, cosmopolitan cities where most of the population lives.


Population:              33,500,000 (2011)
Capital:                      Ottawa, Ontario
Total area:                 9,984,670 km²
Land:                          9,093,507 km ²
Water:                        891,163 km ²

Government

Canada is a constitutional monarchy, but also a parliamentary democracy and a federation. The country is divided into 10 provinces and 3 territories *: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories , Nova Scotia, Nunavut , Ontario, Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan and Yukon.

Main cities

From the East to the West coast, the main Canadian cities are: St. John's, Halifax, Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, Calgary, Edmonton, Vancouver and Victoria.

Climate:

Canada stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean to the Arctic Ocean. Its southernmost point is on the same latitude as Rome. The temperatures and climate vary considerably over this vast territory. In May, for example, you can ski on the west coast (at the site of the 2010 Olympic Games), or in central Canada attend the largest tulip festival in the world.

  • For further information on weather and climate, visit the website of Environment Canada: 

      

http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/canada_e.html

Canada encompasses six of the world’s 24 time zones. From east to west, they are referred to as:

  • Newfoundland Time
  • Atlantic Time
  • Eastern Time
  • Central Time
  • Mountain Time
  • Pacific Time

Some provinces and territories cover two time zones. On the West Coast, Pacific Standard Time is 8 hours behind Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).  Eastern Time is 5 hours behind GMT.  

Description

Canada’s Atlantic Provinces

Provinces: New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island,  Nova Scotia

Go on a whale-watching excursion, hike in the footsteps of the Vikings, dance to traditional music. On the shores of Newfoundland, you can see icebergs on a warm day in July. Feel the breeze blowing across the coastal marshes as it caresses your face. On Prince Edward Island, Canada’s smallest province, visit the place that inspired the children’s classic Anne of Green Gables, pick up oysters from the beach and gaze at the cruise ships docked in Charlottetown Harbour. Listen to Celtic folk music, sail on the historical schooner Bluenose II.  Walk on the ocean floor, kiss your partner on a covered bridge and enjoy a feast of Acadian lobster.

Canada’s Pacific Coast & Rocky Mountains

British Columbia and Alberta, the two westernmost provinces of Canada. From whale-watching off Vancouver Island to sailing and windsurfing in English Bay, to sea kayaking, it's the perfect adventure destination. Tour the wine-growing region of the Okanagan Valley in B.C.’s interior. Enjoy a hot stone massage at a spa. Picnic on an iceberg. Explore pristine ecosystems.

North of Vancouver, Whistler Blackcomb – venue for the 2010 Winter Olympics – is a spectacular resort area. Head to the top on the Peak 2 Peak Gondola, and cross from one mountain to another on the world’s longest unsupported span. 

In the archipelago of the Queen Charlotte Islands, off the coast of British Columbia, visit the vast protected lands of the Haida Gwaii First Nations people and admire the remains of their majestic totem poles.

In the next-door province of Alberta, explore the Badlands and witness the wonders of Dinosaur Provincial Park, a World Heritage Site. You can see dinosaur tracks in a lunar-like landscape dotted with twisted pinnacles of rock. Take to the spectacular Icefields Parkway, running 229 km from Banff to Jasper. In Calgary, put on a cowboy hat for the world-famous Stampede, "the greatest outdoor show in the world."  

Canadian Prairies

Explore the history of the fur trade. The Manitoba prairies reveal a fabulous past, marked by tales of intrepid adventurers, fur traders, and the Métis Nation, with its tragic hero, Louis Riel. These Prairies are vast and quiet and seem to go on forever. Collect huge freshwater clam shells on the sandy shores of the mysterious Black Island. The Arctic tundra stretches along the shores of Hudson’s Bay to Churchill, "Polar Bear Capital of the World." To see these massive animals, which can weigh up to 900 kg and stand 3 m tall, take a wagon ride (well protected!). 

A sight you must not miss is the aurora borealis (Northern lights), as it lights up the night sky in spectacular streaks of blue, green and white. Next door, in Saskatchewan, marvel at the vastness, the infinite sky and the endless golden wheat fields as you drive through this rich farmland, covering a third of the province. Visit archaeological excavations that record 8,000 years of Aboriginal history.

Northern Canada

Welcome to the Canadian North and the remote territory of Nunavut, inhabited by the Inuit for over four thousand years. Nunavut is the newest and largest federal territory in Canada. This huge natural paradise (1.6 million sq. km., the size of Western Europe) is a place where ancient traditions and incredible wildlife co-exist in pristine landscapes like nowhere else on Earth. Go hunting and fishing with the natives, try extreme camping and witness stunning sunsets in this harsh climate. Treat yourself to a truly different travel experience, one that you will be talking about for a long time.

Quebec & Ontario

Canada’s two most populous provinces invite you to explore the excitement of urban life and the tranquility of small pastoral towns. Toronto, metropolis and Canada's largest city, business, culture, history and events typical of the Canadian soul. Do not miss the famous CN Tower, its islands on Lake Ontario, museums, festivals, zoo, Canada's Wonderland, all in a unique atmosphere. Toronto is also consider as a wonderland of shopping, fine dining, theatre and entertainment venues promise to dazzle and delight any guest. The fast pace of Ontario’s business epicentre gives way to the regal splendour of Ottawa. The seat of Canada’s government, the neo-gothic architecture of the Parliament buildings overlooks the winding Rideau Canal with its many walking paths and public gardens. One of the great rivers of the world, the St. Lawrence is the historic heart of the continent, an 1800 km long natural highway incorporating island archipelagos, wetlands and bird sanctuaries, and providing a home for marine mammals.  A world to explore on the water or on the shore. Crossing the border into Quebec, French-Canadian hospitality is alive in the streets of Montreal with its vibrant art community, boutique retail and world-class dining. The small towns east of Montreal are set in some of the country’s most pristine wilderness, leading to the historic Quebec City, North America’s oldest walled city. Ontario and Quebec welcome all visitors to come and experience all they have to offer!

TRAVEL TIPS

Foreign visitors to Canada

Foreign travellers visiting Canada must have a valid passport and, if required, a visa. Citizens of the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, South Korea and Australia – among other countries – do not need a visa to enter Canada. For a complete list of countries whose citizens need a visa to enter Canada, visit the Citizenship and Immigration Canada website. All other visitors should contact the Canadian consulate or embassy in their home country to find out what documents are required. Contact information for Canadian embassies worldwide can be found on the website of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada. To learn more about Canadian customs regulations, see the website of Border Services Agency Canada.

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